Titre :	Access to TV platforms : must-carry rules, and access to free-DTT
Type de document :	document électronique
Auteurs :	Observatoire Européen de l'Audiovisuel (Strasbourg, France) , Editeur scientifique ; Deirdre Kevin, Auteur ; Agnès Schneeberger, Auteur
Editeur :	Strasbourg [France] : Observatoire Européen de l'Audiovisuel
Année de publication :	2015
Autre Editeur :	Strasbourg [France] : Conseil de l'Europe
Importance :	204 p
Note générale :	European Audiovisual Observatory for the European Commission - DG COMM
Langues :	Anglais
Catégories :	DROIT : Droit européen EUROPE MEDIAS:AUDIOVISUEL
Tags :	Europe  audiovisuel  TNT  must-carry  télécommunications  accessibilité  consommateur  législation  directive  opérateurs  distributeurs  plateforme  régulation
Index. décimale :	621.388 Télévision (télécommunication)
Résumé :	Executive Summary / Key Findings : • Must-carry regimes with the aim of ensuring public access to particular content for linear audiovisual services continue to exist throughout Europe • For the most part the content that should be carried concerns that of public service broadcasters but in several countries the concept of content of special interest or public interest broadens the must-carry beyond the public broadcaster • In several countries, the legacy free to air commercial broadcasters may also be included as must-carry. A range of other types of channels including local, community, regional channels may also be designated must-carry • There are some exceptional cases where the public channels of neighbouring countries, or international cultural or news channels may also be must-carry • The traditional approach of the focus of must-carry on cable networks has certainly changed with most countries adapting to the Universal Services Directive requirement that such rules focus on platforms with a “significant number of end users using the service as their main means of accessing television broadcasts” • Must-carry remains contentious due to the obligations placed on distributors and the issues of cost which may affect the distributor and/or the broadcaster and this is apparent in the continuing legal battles over these regimes, such as the on-going dispute between German public broadcasters and cable operators • There are also several examples of where must-carry rules have not been implemented as the public content tends to be desirable content without which the distributors would not attract subscribers • Other access issues such as must-offer (the corollary of must-carry) and must-find or must-see also exist to a lesser extent. In this context many regulators al-ready refer to the issue of prominence of content in the on-demand world. However, this area of regulation is not well developed • The content available over free DTT networks (which are universal in terms of technical access and free to the citizen) also represents an opportunity to provide access for the public to specific types of content and ensure that publicly funded content is available to all. The significance of DTT as a distribution platform also varies widely throughout Europe • There are very few countries where must-carry rules apply in the DTT environment. Regarding public service content this is for the most part due to the direct allocation of multiplexes to the PSBs or the requirement that the operators allocate space to the PSBs • The access of channels to free DTT platforms generally follow two types of regulatory strategy – either the regulator driven “beauty contest” or the multiplex operator “gate-keeper” approach • Regarding the possibilities for foreign (licensed in a different jurisdiction) channels to find space on a national free DTT platform, these vary across Europe with many countries requiring that all channels on free DTT have national licences • There are however, several examples of foreign channels and of international channels on the free DTT networks in other countries • The potential for channels to be added to a national free DTT network is influenced by a wide variety of additional factors aside from must-carry, or licensing regimes including: - The capacity of the networks which may either be well developed, mature and hence completely full, or under-developed (due to economic reasons) and hence lacking in space - The cost to the channel for transmission on the platform (page 9 du document)
Note de contenu :	Table des Matières Abrégée : Introduction and context of study Executive Summary 1 - Must-carry 2 - Digital Terrestrial Television Recent legal developments Country Reports 3 - AL - ALBANIA 4 - AT – AUSTRIA 5 – BA – BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA 6 – BE – BELGIUM 7 – BG – BULGARIA 8 - CH – SWITZERLAND 9 - CY – CYPRUS 10 - CZ – CZECH REPUBLIC 11 - DE – GERMANY 12 – DK – DENMARK 13 - EE – ESTONIA 14 - ES – SPAIN 15 – FI – FINLAND 16 – FR – France 17 – GB – UNITED KINGDOM 18 – GR – GREECE 19 – HR – CROATIA 20 – HU – HUNGARY 21 – IE – IRELAND 22 – IS – ISLAND 23 – IT – ITALY 24 – LT – LITHUANIA 25 - LU – Luxembourg 26 – LV - LATVIA 27 - MT – MALTA 28 - NL – NETHERLANDS 29 - NO – NORWAY 30 – PL – POLAND 31 – PT – Portugal 32 - RO – ROMANIA 33 - RS – REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 34 – SE – SWEDEN 35 – SI – SLOVENIA 36 - SK – SLOVAK REPUBLIC References/ Sources Sources: Executive summary/ analysis Sources: Country profiles Le texte de la directive "Service Universel" est disponible à l'adresse suivante : http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?uri=URISERV%3Al24108h
En ligne :	http://www.obs.coe.int/documents/205595/264629/Must+Carry+Report+(Dec.+2015)/bb2 [...]

Access to TV platforms : must-carry rules, and access to free-DTT [document électronique] / Observatoire Européen de l'Audiovisuel (Strasbourg, France) , Editeur scientifique ; Deirdre Kevin, Auteur ; Agnès Schneeberger, Auteur . - Strasbourg (76 Allée de la Robertsau, 67000, France) : Observatoire Européen de l'Audiovisuel : Strasbourg (France) : Conseil de l'Europe, 2015 . - 204 p.
European Audiovisual Observatory for the European Commission
- DG COMM
Langues : Anglais

Catégories :	DROIT : Droit européen EUROPE MEDIAS:AUDIOVISUEL
Tags :	Europe  audiovisuel  TNT  must-carry  télécommunications  accessibilité  consommateur  législation  directive  opérateurs  distributeurs  plateforme  régulation
Index. décimale :	621.388 Télévision (télécommunication)
Résumé :	Executive Summary / Key Findings : • Must-carry regimes with the aim of ensuring public access to particular content for linear audiovisual services continue to exist throughout Europe • For the most part the content that should be carried concerns that of public service broadcasters but in several countries the concept of content of special interest or public interest broadens the must-carry beyond the public broadcaster • In several countries, the legacy free to air commercial broadcasters may also be included as must-carry. A range of other types of channels including local, community, regional channels may also be designated must-carry • There are some exceptional cases where the public channels of neighbouring countries, or international cultural or news channels may also be must-carry • The traditional approach of the focus of must-carry on cable networks has certainly changed with most countries adapting to the Universal Services Directive requirement that such rules focus on platforms with a “significant number of end users using the service as their main means of accessing television broadcasts” • Must-carry remains contentious due to the obligations placed on distributors and the issues of cost which may affect the distributor and/or the broadcaster and this is apparent in the continuing legal battles over these regimes, such as the on-going dispute between German public broadcasters and cable operators • There are also several examples of where must-carry rules have not been implemented as the public content tends to be desirable content without which the distributors would not attract subscribers • Other access issues such as must-offer (the corollary of must-carry) and must-find or must-see also exist to a lesser extent. In this context many regulators al-ready refer to the issue of prominence of content in the on-demand world. However, this area of regulation is not well developed • The content available over free DTT networks (which are universal in terms of technical access and free to the citizen) also represents an opportunity to provide access for the public to specific types of content and ensure that publicly funded content is available to all. The significance of DTT as a distribution platform also varies widely throughout Europe • There are very few countries where must-carry rules apply in the DTT environment. Regarding public service content this is for the most part due to the direct allocation of multiplexes to the PSBs or the requirement that the operators allocate space to the PSBs • The access of channels to free DTT platforms generally follow two types of regulatory strategy – either the regulator driven “beauty contest” or the multiplex operator “gate-keeper” approach • Regarding the possibilities for foreign (licensed in a different jurisdiction) channels to find space on a national free DTT platform, these vary across Europe with many countries requiring that all channels on free DTT have national licences • There are however, several examples of foreign channels and of international channels on the free DTT networks in other countries • The potential for channels to be added to a national free DTT network is influenced by a wide variety of additional factors aside from must-carry, or licensing regimes including: - The capacity of the networks which may either be well developed, mature and hence completely full, or under-developed (due to economic reasons) and hence lacking in space - The cost to the channel for transmission on the platform (page 9 du document)
Note de contenu :	Table des Matières Abrégée : Introduction and context of study Executive Summary 1 - Must-carry 2 - Digital Terrestrial Television Recent legal developments Country Reports 3 - AL - ALBANIA 4 - AT – AUSTRIA 5 – BA – BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA 6 – BE – BELGIUM 7 – BG – BULGARIA 8 - CH – SWITZERLAND 9 - CY – CYPRUS 10 - CZ – CZECH REPUBLIC 11 - DE – GERMANY 12 – DK – DENMARK 13 - EE – ESTONIA 14 - ES – SPAIN 15 – FI – FINLAND 16 – FR – France 17 – GB – UNITED KINGDOM 18 – GR – GREECE 19 – HR – CROATIA 20 – HU – HUNGARY 21 – IE – IRELAND 22 – IS – ISLAND 23 – IT – ITALY 24 – LT – LITHUANIA 25 - LU – Luxembourg 26 – LV - LATVIA 27 - MT – MALTA 28 - NL – NETHERLANDS 29 - NO – NORWAY 30 – PL – POLAND 31 – PT – Portugal 32 - RO – ROMANIA 33 - RS – REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 34 – SE – SWEDEN 35 – SI – SLOVENIA 36 - SK – SLOVAK REPUBLIC References/ Sources Sources: Executive summary/ analysis Sources: Country profiles Le texte de la directive "Service Universel" est disponible à l'adresse suivante : http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?uri=URISERV%3Al24108h
En ligne :	http://www.obs.coe.int/documents/205595/264629/Must+Carry+Report+(Dec.+2015)/bb2 [...]